Rhinoscopy is the visual exploration of the nasal passages with an endoscope. Common indications for rhiniscopy include chronic nasal discharge, bleeding from the nose (epistaxis), sneezing, difficulty breathing through the nose or deformity of the nasal cavity. Through rhinoscopy we are able to visualize the entire nasal passageway under magnification, remove foreign objects such as grass awns and obtain biopsy samples of abnormal tissue. We recommend radiographs or other forms of imaging (CT or MRI) be performed prior to rhiniscopy in order to look for bone destruction or evidence of other pathology. Just before the procedure the animal is anesthetized and intubated to allow exploration of the nasal cavity without pain or irritation that would cause sneezing. A cuffed endotracheal tube is placed to prevent inhalation of fluids or foreign material. Two types of endoscopes are commonly used to evaluate the nasal cavity. First, a flexible scope is placed above the soft palate to look at the back of the nasal cavity as it opens into the pharynx. Next, a smaller rigid scope is directed through the nostrils into the nasal passages. Biopsies are commonly taken with small biopsy forceps and evaluated by a pathologist for evidence of disease. The nasal cavity is very vascular and some bleeding is to be expected after the procedure. Hemorrhage is controlled with nasal packing, epinephrine drops and head elevation. The procedure generally lasts 15-20 minutes and most animals recover quickly and are discharged the same day. Therapy is recommended after biopsy results are received and will be coordinated with your regular veterinarian as needed.